Escape From Excellence

We’ve all heard people say, “Nobody is irreplaceable,” and for most of us this has become a basic belief, a useful safeguard against arrogance and complacency. But it takes on a rather sinister tone during periods of economic downturn.

But it’s not true. Masters are irreplaceable.

Mediocrity must be replaced.

Excellence can be replaced (even if the search is arduous).

But Mastery can never be replaced, only succeeded. Only an idiot or a mediocrity fires a master.

I was watching the John Adams series on HBO recently, and also reading Founding Brothers, the Pulitzer winning book by Joseph J. Ellis, in anticipation of both Patriot’s Day and the marathon here in Boston. In both film and book, on the same night, I came across the account of Jefferson’s statement to Franklin upon taking up his position as the American representative in France, a position Franklin was vacating. Franklin opined that Jefferson would make an excellent replacement for him. Jefferson corrected Franklin and said, “You cannot be replaced, Dr. Franklin, only succeeded.” Here we see Jefferson acknowledge Franklin’s mastery, both as a diplomat and as a fixture in Paris. Not replaced, only succeeded. That’s it in a nutshell.

Here are the implications: A leader in Mastery leaves an irreplaceable legacy, and is also considered off limits if and when staff cuts come along. Masters leave on their own terms, in their own time, and only when they believe their gifts can be best put to use elsewhere. In this way, in Mastery, change is always an opportunity.

 Are you replaceable? Or can you only be succeeded?

Daniel Plainview, the character brought to life in a staggering performance by Daniel Day Lewis in Paul Thomas Anderson’s celebrated new film, There Will be Blood, is an outsized character of mythic proportion. So, while we are unlikely to meet someone like Plainview in real life, he presents a lesson, example, archetype, or “plain view” that speaks to all of us. I saw the movie recently, at the precise moment when I was searching for an easy way to communicate what the Excellence Trap is like, and how we come to be ensnared in it. Enter Daniel Plainview.

Daniel Plainview fancies himself a leader, a self-made man who will create something huge, create jobs, make history, and maybe even start a movement. When we first meet him, prospecting for oil, he embodies the Five Virtues of Excellence: Effort, Proficiency, Commitment, Expertise, and Acumen. He displays vision, tenacity, a willingness to take risks, and an admirable individualism and determination. Failure and mediocrity are simply not on his radar. At first, I like this guy, until he opens his mouth, 15-20 minutes into the movie, and we meet the monster he will become. While most people trapped in excellence are in no way monstrous like Plainview, he does show us, on a grand and mythic scale, what we are bound confront if we aloow ourselves to think that excellence is the end of the road. If we are excellent, we are unlikely to turn into the likes of Plainview, but we will confront the same dynamics, each in our own way. You can bank on that in the same way Plainview banks on himself and his oil.

Plainview’s problems set in when he reaches the Five Limits of Excellence, those built-in ceilings which undermine the positive aspects of excellence:

• His Effort is limited by his physical limits: he is merely a man and, to drive the point home, he is hobbled for life by an on-the-job injury. He reached this limit early on.
• His Proficiency won’t set him apart. He knows this, and so looks with seething rage upon anyone who has a measure of proficiency in his chosen profession of “Oilman,” from the executives of Standard Oil to, eventually, his own adopted son.
• His Commitment saps his strength, and in Plainview’s case, his soul as well. His mono-mania about success cuts him off from other people almost completely, he is often drunk or at the verge of rage, and he subjects himself and others to unnecessary hardships and dangers, far beyond any practical reasoning or benefit.
• His Expertise lacks vision. Early in the film, he appears possibly to have the makings of a visionary. But his ego, fear, greed, and paranoia cause him to miss opportunities or to see the larger picture. His isolation increases with each major episode in the film, as he manages to sucker people into his plans, but fails to attract anyone to a vision, because there is no vision to be seen.
• His Acumen reduces strategy to tactics. His obsession about competitive jockeying takes over his entire person, and he ends up bitter, alone, and un-admired (he calls his butler his “closest associate”). He has no allies, defenders, zealots, partners, and no lasting legacy other than violence, deceit, and hatred.

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